The party of interest must show proof by ______ that the liens have been paid through the commencement of the action.

• A. Affidavit
• B. Deed
• C. Receipt
• D. Judgment

Answer: (A)

Showing that liens have been paid through the start of the action is provided by an affidavit. An affidavit is a sworn, written statement filed with the court that declares, under penalty of perjury, that all liens affecting the property have been satisfied up to the commencement date. The sworn nature gives the court a formal, credible record that there are no outstanding liens blocking the case. A deed deals with transferring ownership and does not certify payment of liens. A receipt proves a payment for a particular item but isn’t a comprehensive, sworn declaration covering all liens. A judgment represents a court ruling, not evidence that liens were paid.